David Suzuki, The Sacred Balance: Rediscovering Our Place in Nature. By such methods have our magnificent redwoods and much of the sugar-pine forests of the Sierra Nevada been absorbed by foreign and resident capitalists. As he grew older, Muir became increasingly excited about what plants and nature could teach him. During the course of his political term, Roosevelt set aside 148 million acres of forest reserves, created 50 regions for the protection of wildlife, founded 16 national monuments and established 5 new national parks. Hence they went wavering northward over icy Alaska, brave spruce and fir, poplar and birch, by the coasts and the rivers, to within sight of the Arctic Ocean. Listen to the trailer for. Enthralled by nature from a young age, Roosevelt cherished and promoted our nation's landscapes and wildlife. Any fool can destroy trees. In his article "The American Forests", John Muir discusses the beauty of the American forests along with their being easy targets for unwise people destroying them for their egoistical purposes. The Yosemite National Park 4. In any case, it will be hard to teach the pioneers that it is wrong to steal government timber. As timber the redwood is too good to live. Only the forests of the West are significant in size and value, and these, although still great, are rapidly vanishing. It extends along the western slope, in a nearly continuous belt about ten miles wide, from beyond the Oregon boundary to the south of Santa Cruz, a distance of nearly four hundred miles, and in massive, sustained grandeur and closeness of growth surpasses all the other timber woods of the world. The great forests of Northern United States captivated him and fueled . not unlike those which confront us now. As the title suggests, this essay is a study of the glaciers found in the region of the ensuing Yosemite National Park. Type the abstract of the document here. About seventy million acres it still owns, enough for all the country, if wisely used. He concluded that all life forms have inherent significance and the right to exist. No place is too good for good men, and still there is room. Our annual Brave Thinkers list, an interview with Mike Bloomberg, the strangest potential threat to the president, the Army's culture of mediocrity, Benjamin Schwarz on the end of jazz, and more, The week that followed Martin Luther King Jr.s assassination was revolutionaryso why was it nearly forgotten? Had he gone West he would have found out that the sky was not safe; for all through the summer months, over most of the mountain regions, the smoke of mill and forest fires is so thick and black that no sunbeam can pierce it. Then he goes to work sawing and splitting for the market, tying the shakes in bundles of fifty or a hundred. In its calmer moments in the midst of bewildering hunger and war and restless over-industry, Prussia has learned that the forest plays an important part in human progress, and that the advance in civilization only makes it more indispensable. In the settlement and civilization of the country, bread more than timber or beauty was wanted; and in the blindness of hunger, the early settlers, claiming Heaven as their guide, regarded Gods trees as only a larger kind of pernicious weeds, extremely hard to get rid of. He educated Americans about the value of the countrys wilderness, inspiring generations of wilderness advocates. President Teddy Roosevelt was profoundly influenced by Muir and the conservation movement. The Russian government passed a law in 1888, declaring that clearing is forbidden in protection forests, and is allowed in others only when its effects will not be to disturb the suitable relations which should exist between forest and agricultural lands.. They went to the woods to escape aspects of. Ours is the blackest. The axe is not yet at the root of every tree, but the sheep is, or was before the national parks were established and guarded by the military, the only effective and reliable arm of the government free from the blight of politics. John Muir was born on April 21, 1838 in the small rural town of Dunbar, Scotland. Any fool can destroy trees. "The forests of America, however slighted by man, must have been a great delight to God; for they were the best he ever planted." He described trees with a diameter of twenty feet as "lordly. In no other way than under some one of these laws can a citizen of the United States make any use of the public forests. Only by gift or purchase, so far as I know, can the government get back into its possession a single acre of this wonderful forest. 'Yes, John Muir; and you know I promised to return and visit you in about twenty-five years, and though I am a little latesix or seven yearsI've done the best I could . World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future: From One Earth to One World (Brundtland Report) The enormous logs, too heavy to handle, are blasted into manageable dimensions with gunpowder. University Libraries It grows sturdily on all kinds of soil and rocks, and, protected by a mail of . Under the act of June 3, 1878, settlers in Colorado and the Territories were allowed to cut timber for mining and agricultural purposes from mineral land, which in the practical West means both cutting and burning anywhere and everywhere, for any purpose, on any sort of public land. Muir Inlet and Muir Glacier are both named for him. The whole continent was a garden, and from the beginning it seemed to be favored above all the other wild parks and gardens of the globe. Even in Congress, a sizable chunk of gold, carefully concealed, will outtalk and outfight all the nation on a subject like forestry, well smothered in ignorance, and in which the money interests of only a few are conspicuously involved. It has been shown over and over again that if these mountains were to be stripped of their trees and underbrush, and kept bare and sodless by hordes of sheep and the innumerable fires the shepherds set, besides those of the millmen, prospectors, shake-makers, and all sorts of adventurers, both lowlands and mountains would speedily become little better than deserts, compared with their present beneficent fertility. There will be a period of indifference on the part of the rich, sleepy with wealth, and of the toiling millions, sleepy with poverty, most of whom never saw a forest; a period of screaming protest and objection from the plunderers, who are as unconscionable and enterprising as Satan. The whole continent was a garden, and from the beginning it seemed to be favored above all the other wild parks and gardens of the globe These forests were composed of about five hundred species of trees, all of them in some way useful to man, ranging in size from twenty-five feet in height and less than one foot in diameter at the ground to four hundred feet in height and more than twenty feet in diameterlordly monarchs proclaiming the gospel of beauty like apostles. Shot em on the Joaquin, tied em in dozens by the neck, and shipped em to San Francisco. Everybody on the dry side of the continent is beginning to find this out, and, in view of the waste going on, is growing more and more anxious for government protection. The redwood is one of the few conifers that sprout from the stump and roots, and it declares itself willing to begin immediately to repair the damage of the lumberman and also that of the forest-burner. The week that followed Martin Luther King Jr.s assassination was revolutionaryso why was it nearly forgotten? Uncle Sam is not often called a fool is business matters, yet he had sold millions of acres of timber land at two dollars and a half an acre on which a single tree was worth more than a hundred dollars. Every tree heard the bodeful sound, and pillars of smoke gave the sign in the sky. The fact is, it was all started over 100 years ago by two men I like to refer to as the founding fathers of America's public lands. Tule Joe made five hundred dollars last winter on mallard and teal. His family immigrated to America in 1849 and settled into farm life in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. President Theodore Roosevelt & John Muir. travel our way. Muir made extended journeys throughout America, observing both scientifically and enthusiastically the beauties of the wilderness. The sky is black and the ground is black, and on either side there is a continuous border of black stumps and logs and blasted trees appealing to heaven for help as if still half alive, and their mute eloquence is most interestingly touching. John Muir: A Reading Bibliography by Kimes. The trees are felled, and about half of each giant is left on the ground to be converted into smoke and ashes; the better half is sawed into choice lumber and sold to citizens of the United States or to foreigners: thus robbing the country of its glory and impoverishing it without right benefit to anybody, a bad, black business from beginning to end. In its reading, one must keep in mind that compared with today, very little was known about glacial activity. John Muir (1838-1914), the great naturalist and founder of the Sierra Club, has long been a favorite of mine. All sorts of local laws and regulations have been tried and found wanting, and the costly lessons of our own experience, as well as that of every civilized nation, show conclusively that the fate of the remnant of our forests is in the hands of the federal government, and that if the remnant is to be saved at all, it must be saved quickly. Every place is made better by them. After the destructive 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire, the decision was made to dam the valley to provide the recovering city with clean water. Abstract. The Indians with stone axes could do them no more harm than could gnawing beavers and browsing moose. Last summer, in the Rocky Mountains, I saw six fires started by sparks from a locomotive within a distance of three miles, and nobody was in sight to prevent them from spreading. The feudal lords valued the woodlands, and enacted vigorous protective laws; and when, in the latest civil war, the Mikado government destroyed the feudal system, it declared the forests that had belonged to the feudal lords to be the property of the state, promulgated a forest law binding on the whole kingdom, and founded a school of forestry in Tokio. They might run into the adjacent forests and burn the timber from hundreds of square miles; not a man in the State would care to spend an hour in fighting them, as long as his own fences and buildings were not threatened. Thence still westward the invading horde of destroyers called settlers made its fiery way over the broad Rocky Mountains, felling and burning more fiercely than ever, until at last it has reached the wild side of the continent, and entered the last of the great aboriginal forests on the shores of the Pacific. Both environmentalists were great activists that informed the . 234. After the Atlantic coast from Maine to Georgia had been mostly cleared and scorched into melancholy ruins, the overflowing multitude of bread and money seekers poured over the Alleghanies into the fertile middle West, spreading ruthless devastation ever wider and farther over the rich valley of the Mississippi and the vast shadowy pine region about the Great Lakes. To the northward, over Maine and the Ottawa, rose hosts of spiry, rosiny evergreens, white pine and spruce, hemlock and cedar, shoulder to shoulder, laden with purple cones, their myriad needles sparkling and shimmering, covering hills and swamps, rocky headlands and domes, ever bravely aspiring and seeking the sky; the ground in their shade now snow-clad and frozen, now mossy and flowery; beaver meadows here and there, full of lilies and grass; lakes gleaming like eyes, and a silvery embroidery of rivers and creeks watering and brightening all the vast glad wilderness. The ground will be glad to feed them, and the pines will come down from the mountains for their homes as willingly as the cedars came from Lebanon for Solomons temple. Thoreau, when contemplating the destruction of the forests on the east side of the continent, said that soon the country would be so bald that every man would have to grow whiskers to hide its nakedness, but he thanked God that at least the sky was safe. The slow-going, un-thrifty farmers, also, are beginning to realize that when the timber is stripped from the mountains the irrigating streams dry up in summer, and are destructive in winter; that soil, scenery, and everything slips off with the trees: so of course they are coming into the ranks of tree-friends. Only the lower, perfectly clear, free-splitting portions of the giant pines are used, perhaps ten to twenty feet from a tree two hundred and fifty in height; all the rest is left a mass of ruins, to rot or to feed the forest fires, while thousands are hacked deeply and rejected in proving the grain. I was consequently keen to read his short essay "Save the redwoods" when it popped up as an LOA story-of-the-week three weeks ago. He was a strong voice in preserving the area known today as the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park. They have so long been allowed to steal and destroy in peace that any impediment to forest robbery is denounced as a cruel and irreligious interference with vested rights, likely to endanger the repose of all ungodly welfare. Our National Parks, by John Muir (1901, c. (1901)) - John Muir Writings . Shirley Sargent. Muir is credited with both the creation of the National Park System and the establishment of the Sierra Club. Honest citizens see that only the rights of the government are being trampled, not those of the settlers. The largest sawmills ever built are busy along its seaward border, with all the modern improvements, but so immense is the yield per acre it will be long ere the supply is exhausted. the glory of the world! The Forests of the Yosemite Park . Flying Spur Press, Yosemite, California. Muir fell in love with the immense beauty of the mountain landscape. No traveler, whether a tree lover or not, will ever forget his first walk in a sugar-pine forest. The Wild Parks and Forest Reservations of the West, chapter 1 of 'Our National Parks' by John Muir (1901). In the administration of its forests, the state righteously considers itself bound to treat them as a trust for the nation as a whole, and to keep in view the common good of the people for all time. Lerner Publications Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1992. Timber is as necessary as bread, and no scheme of management failing to recognize and properly provide for this want can possibly be maintained. Nature's peace will flow into you as sunshine flows into trees. Visit the parks associated with John Muir! They cannot run away; and if they could, they would still be destroyedchased and hunted down as long as fun or a dollar could be got out of their bark hides, branching horns, or magnificent bole backbones It took more than three thousand years to make some of the trees in these Western woodstrees that are still standing in perfect strength and beauty, waving and singing in the mighty forests of the Sierra. His lifelong passion for hiking began when he hiked 1,000 miles from Indianapolis to the Gulf of Mexico in. Twenty or thirty years ago, shakes, a kind of long boardlike shingles split with a mallet and a frow, were in great demand for covering barns and sheds, and many are used still in preference to common shingles, especially those made from the sugar-pine, which do not warp or crack in the hottest sunshine. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/jmb/234. Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Muir Woods National Monument, Download the official NPS app before your next visit. The most significant battle that Muir and the Sierra Club ever fought was over the damming of Yosemites Hetch Hetchy Valley. In particular, from our Earth-based vantage point, we are keen to know where the closest life to us is, and how similar it might be to life on our home planet. To show the results of the timber-planting act, it need only be stated that of the 38,000,000 acres entered under it, less than 1,000,000 acres have been patented. During a mans life only saplings can be grown, in the place of the old trees tens of centuries old that have been destroyed. Visit the John Muir National Historic Site, located in Martinez, California. John Muir's 1897 Case for Saving America's Forests - The Atlantic August 1897 Issue Explore Technology The American Forests "God has cared for these trees, saved them from drought, disease,. In "The American Forests", John Muir's purpose is to reveal the disloyalty that Americans have towards their agriculture. 2) Yosemite Glaciers. But most preferred the shake business, until something more profitable and as sure could be found, with equal comfort and independence. The United States government has always been proud of the welcome it has extended to good men of every nation, seeking freedom and homes and bread. A leaf, a flower, a stone - the simple beauty of nature filled John Muir with joy. "Climb the mountains and get their good tidings. Every one of the frail shake shanties is a centre of destruction, and the extent of the ravages wrought in this quiet way is in the aggregate enormous. Thus, with abundance of fuel, shelter and comfort by his own fireside are secured. With the exception of the timber culture act, under which, in consideration of planting a few acres of seedlings, settlers on the treeless plains got 160 acres each, the above is the only legislation aiming to protect and promote the planting of forests. The closing chapter reviews American forests broadly, and utters an ardent plea for their preservation. The American Forests by John Muir (1901) . 341, v. 6, pp. Emerson says that things refuse to be mismanaged long. About this book. Madison Grant's nature was the last redoubt of nobility in a levelling and hybridizing democracy. John W. Winkley, M.A., D.D. This paper looks at the roles that language had in the writings of John Muir, the father of American national parks and Gifford Pinchot, the father of American forest conservation. In the nature of things they had to give place to better cattle, though the change might have been made without barbarous wickedness. Under these circumstances, the bawling, blethering oratorical stuff drowns the voice of God himself. Listen to the trailer for Holy Week. O ver 150 years ago, John Muir set out on a thousand mile journey across the US, from Indiana to the Gulf of Mexico, on foot. The Land Ethic Aldo Leopold Part II: Two Philosophical Issues in Forestry Ethics MULTIPLE VALUES IN FORESTS . The forest service does not rest satisfied with the present proportion of woodland, but looks to planting the best forest trees it can find in any country, if likely to be useful and to thrive in Japan. They cover an area of about 29,000,000 acres. The same thing is true of the mines, which consume and destroy indirectly immense quantities of timber with their innumerable fires, accidental or set to make open ways, and often without regard to how far they run. HASC - Digital Archives Accordingly, with no eye to the future, these pious destroyers waged interminable forest wars; chips flew thick and fast; trees in their beauty fell crashing by millions, smashed to confusion, and the smoke of their burning has been rising to heaven more than two hundred years. The disappearance of the forests in the first place, it is claimed, may be traced in most cases directly to mountain pasturage. Born April 21, 1838, Muir has become America's most famous naturalist and conservationist. Publisher's Summary During the past twenty-five years, North American forestry has received increasingly vigorous scrutiny. By the act of June 3, 1878, timber can be taken from public lands not subject to entry under any existing laws except for minerals, by bona fide residents of the Rocky Mountain States and Territories and the Dakotas. Still, the species is not in danger of extinction. These residual forests are generally on mountain slopes, just where they are doing the most good, and where their removal would be followed by the greatest number of evils; the lands they cover are too rocky and high for agriculture, and can never be made as valuable for any other crop as for the present crop of trees. As a boy, Muir was "fond of everything that was wild" (My Boyhood and Youth 30) and took great pleasure in the outdoors. As for reservation and protection of forests, it seems as silly and needless to them as protection and reservation of the ocean would be; both appearing to be boundless and inexhaustible. Our National Parks, by John Muir (1901, c. 1909) - The Writings of John Muir - John Muir Exhibit (John Muir Education Project, Sierra Club California) Our National Parks by John Muir Contents List of Illustrations Preface The Wild Parks and Forest Reservations of the West The Yellowstone National Park The Yosemite National Park Accessibility Statement, John Muir: A Reading Bibliography by Kimes, Holt-Atherton Special Collections homepage. In Switzerland, after many laws like our own had been found wanting, the Swiss forest school was established in 1865, and soon after the Federal Forest Law was enacted, which is binding over nearly two thirds of the country. The outcries we hear against forest reservations come mostly from thieves who are wealthy and steal timber by wholesale. Working in concert with many individuals and organizations, the Roosevelt administration was responsible for the following: the Newlands Act of 1902 . > The gigantea attains a greater girth, and is heavier, more noble in port, and more sublimely beautiful. Savage's men fired indiscriminately into the Ahwahneechee camp, a people who had called this valley their home for centuries. He came to the San Francisco area in 1868 and there he discovered the Sierra Mountains. John Muir. Home Still, in the long run the world does not move backward Light is surely coming, and the friends of destruction will preach and bewail in vain. A proprietor who has cleared his forest without permission is subject to heavy fine, and in addition may be made to replant the cleared area. But there is not a single specimen of the redwood in any national park. Even the fires of the Indians and the fierce shattering lightning seemed to work together only for good in clearing spots here and there for smooth garden prairies, and openings for sunflowers seeking the light. The sempervirens is certainly the taller of the two. Merely what belongs to all alike is reserved, and every acre that is left should be held together under the federal government as a basis for a general policy of administration for the public good. The Mountains of California, his first book, was published in. But timber-thieves of the Western class are seldom convicted, for the good reason that most of the jurors who try such cases are themselves as guilty as those on trial. As a child, he designed many inventions that would ease the familys work. Visit Muir Woods National Monument, located in Marin County, just north of San Francisco. Yet the dawn of a new day in forestry is breaking. The legitimate demands on the forests that have passed into private ownership, as well as those in the hands of the government, are increasing every year with the rapid settlement and upbuilding of the country, but the methods of lumbering are as yet grossly wasteful. According to the everlasting laws of righteousness, even the fraudful buyers at less than one per cent of its value are making little or nothing, on account of fierce competition. But there is no such road on the western side of the continent. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. The directors of a line that guarded against fires, and cleared a clean gap edged with living trees, and fringed and mantled with the grass and flowers and beautiful seedlings that are ever ready and willing to spring up, might justly boast of the beauty of their road; for nature is always ready to heal every scar. Is credited with both the creation of the contents of the wilderness to work and... 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