Adding a small dose of a booster drug to an antiretroviral makes the liver break down the primary drug more slowly, which means that it stays in the body for longer times or at higher levels. There may be variations in CSA schedules between individual states. Not everyone taking the medication will experience the same side effects, and some people experience them more intensely. 35 means we can empower more people living with HIV to challenge stigma with our information workshops, videos and broadcasts. POZ uses cookies to provide necessary website functionality, improve your experience, analyze our traffic and personalize ads. is a registered trademark of CDM Publishing, LLC. Doing so may result in being banned. Limiting the number of drugs in any HIV treatment regimen can help reduce toxicity for patients, Debra Birnkrant, M.D., director of the Division of Antiviral Products in the Food and Drug Administrations Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, told Endpoints News. is available at "dateModified": "2022-03-03" Will these changes be reversible? Then it will vanish within minutes and I wont feel so bloated. The median CD4 count gain was 13 cells/mm3, reflecting the fact that most already had high CD4 cell levels. "datePublished": "2022-03-03", www.gilead.com Excursions are permitted to 1530C (5986F).1. People living with HIV have diverse and evolving needs as they age, requiring antiretroviral therapies that address these needs. All Rights Reserved. Toward Health Equity for Black People Impacted by TNBC, Christi Shaw to Depart Gilead and Kite Leadership End of Q1, Gilead Sciences Commends Convictions in Counterfeiting Scheme Pledges Continued Commitment to Protect Patients, Gilead Enables Easier Veklury (Remdesivir) Access Through Retail and Specialty Pharmacies for Long-Term Care and Skilled Nursing Facilities, Gilead Receives Complete Response Letter from U.S. FDA for Bulevirtide for the Treatment of Adults with Hepatitis Delta Virus, Gilead Continues Efforts to Halt the Distribution of Counterfeit HIV Medications and Protect Patient Safety, Veklury (Remdesivir) Demonstrates Continued In Vitro Antiviral Activity Against Omicron Subvariants, Including BA.4 and BA.5, Sacituzumab Govitecan-Hziy Trodelvy Elevated to Category 1 Preferred Recommendation in Second-Line Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Gilead Sciences Statement on FDA Acceptance of New Drug Application for Investigational Lenacapavir, Gilead Statement on U.S. Supreme Court Overturning Roe v. Wade. 23rd International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2020: Virtual), Low testosterone is linked to efavirenz, increased body fat and older age, Survival prospects for older people with HIV plotted accurately by simple scoring system, Older adults with HIV have different profiles and different needs, The population of people injecting drugs in the UK is getting older, People with HIV describe how cognitive impairment impacts their quality of life, Blood Biomarkers Could Help Distinguish HIV-Associated Cognitive Issues From Alzheimer Disease, Comorbidity Burden in People With HIV Tied to Increased Mortality Risk, Clinical Needs of Older PLWH Include Focus on Symptom Clusters, Targeted Support Groups, and Correlations of Frailty, Health-care system not equipped to treat older HIV patients, says Canadian charity, HIV-positive patients with cancer may have accelerated biological aging. People with HIV who switch their antiretroviral (ARV) regimen to Biktarvy (bictegravir/tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine) maintain a high rate of viral suppression and low rates of adverse health events and do not develop drug resistance over a long period, according to recent clinical trials. These are as follows: Genvoya Side Effects & Biktarvy Side Effects. Only one participant stopped taking Biktarvy due to a drug-related adverse event (abdominal discomfort), and there was one death deemed unrelated to the study drug. Benjamin Ryan. Gilead also presented data from an observational, real-world, global BICSTaR study, which aims to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and patient-reported outcomes of treatment with Biktarvy in 1,400 people living with HIV in Germany, Canada, France and the Netherlands. Every medication has potential side effectssome minor, some life-threatening. This is one of the reasons why the guidelines are now favoring biktarvy. Login with username, password and session length, For me combo's containing TDF/TAF would not work, so "Juluca" or "Triumeq" would be my choice and I'm currently already on "Triumeq". Im averse to any Statins. Privacy Warning: Please realize that these forums are open to all, and are fully searchable via Google and other search engines. View more, Genvoya is a combination antiviral medication that also includes a pharmacokinetic enhancer that can be used to treat people and children with HIV-1 who meet certain criteria. Lastly, the meeting heard findings from the observational, real-world global BICSTaR study of 1,400 people living with HIV in Germany, Canada, France and the Netherlands. "@type": "BlogPosting", People with unusual schedules, who binge-drink, or who use recreational drugs run the risk of missing their daily dose by time specified or altogether. Avoid medications that must be taken at the same time or with a meal, or are prone to drug resistance. The Glasgow meeting also saw a report from six studies that looked at people who switched to Biktarvy and who had the most common treatment-related drug resistance mutations to their virus, known as M184V and M184I. Each blister pack contains 30 tablets, and each blister cavity contains a die-cut desiccant film. { }. (Ramgopal) Biktarvy is not recommended for people with severely impaired kidney function (< 30ml/min).. Biktarvy is recommended as a preferred option for first . The doctor recommended either Genvoya or Biktarvy. Main reason for trying to switch is to see if itll help lower lipids and increase rbc since I have developed anemia since starting hiv meds. Available for Android and iOS devices. 2023 Remedy Health Media, LLC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, https://www.thebody.com/article/genvoya-biktarvy. Switching HIV Regimen to Biktarvy Is Safe and Effective for the Long Term. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Lipids serve as building blocks for cells and as a source of energy for the body. POZ uses cookies to provide necessary website functionality, improve your experience, analyze our traffic and personalize ads. People aged 65 or older who switched to the Biktarvy single-tablet regimen had a high probability of maintaining an undetectable viral load, researchers reported this week at the23rd International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2020: Virtual). This subreddit is for civil discussion. Terms of use and Your privacy. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. username or avatar that are self-identifying in any way. See below for Important Safety Information. One tablet of Genvoya contains 150 mg of cobicistat, 150 mg of elvitegravir, 200 mg of emtricitabine, and 10 mg of tenofovir alafenamide. Gilead Sciences, Inc. is a research-based biopharmaceutical company that discovers, develops and commercializes innovative medicines in areas of unmet medical need. Biktarvy, approved in Europe in 2018, is an all-in-one antiretroviral regimen that contains the integrase inhibitor bictegravir, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) - a newer formulation that is easier on the kidneys and bones but may lead to higher lipid levels and weight gain - and emtricitabine. Hi all. "mainEntityOfPage": { At the week 48 mark, 1.1 percent of those who switched to Biktarvy and 0.4 percent of those who stayed on Triumeq had a viral load of 50 or above. One tablet of Biktarvy contains 50 mg of bictegravir, 200 mg of emtricitabine, and 25 mg of tenofovir. Its really depressing noticing the changes that occurred. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF, brand name: Viread, and a component in the single-tablet regimensTruvada, Atripla,Complera,andStribild) has been linked to kidney problems in susceptible individuals, so those with kidney issues might consider regimens that instead use tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), such as Genvoya,Odefsey, andDescovy. Good luck. A lot of HIV drugs not only must be taken with food but must be taken with a specific type of food (protein or a hearty meal, rather than a snack). All began the study with a fully suppressed viral load and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 50 (indicating moderate or less severe chronic kidney disease). NAM is not responsible for the content of external websites. All forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to Gilead, and Gilead assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Our Privacy Policy. Less potential drug interactions. Researchers presented findings from multiple studies of Biktarvy at the virtual HIV Drug Therapy Glasgow meeting last week. 3. Biktarvy seems to be working fine. By remaining on our website, you indicate your consent to our Privacy Policy and our Cookie Usage. A positive attitude may not solve all your problems but it will annoy enough people to make it worthwhile. Like Genvoya, this medicine is suitable for both adults and children Similarly, the dosage for children also depends on the weight of the child. The morning fog disappeared and my a.m. enthusiasm returned after more than a few years. What to Know About 2023's HIV is Not a Crime Awareness Day, Treatment-Resistant HIV May Have Met Its Match, African Nations Determined to End AIDS: Here's How They'll Do It, Felice Marano is Spreading His Message of Love Around the World, Black Canadians at Higher Risk of Death From HIV & Cancer, American Students Study Abroad With a Focus on HIV in Israel, PrEP Implant May Fully Protect Against HIV: Report, Young HIV-Positive Indian Boy Beats Inherited Blood Disorder, Panti Bliss Breaks Records & Smashes HIV Stigma on DWTS, Mental Resilience Against HIV Stigma is Key in Ending the Epidemic, PrEP May Soon Be Even Easier to Access in California, New Podcast Series Launches on Black HIV/AIDS Awareness Day, What to Know for This Years National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness Day. It prevents the virus from replicating and multiplying. "These data support the use of [Biktarvy] for treatment of adults 65 years who could benefit from a small single-tablet with few drug-drug interactions and an established safety profile.". See the full pregnancy warnings document. The exact mechanisms by which Biktarvy may lead to weight gain are not known. Nulla laoreet tortor vitae augue feugiat rhoncus. Our Privacy Policy. Let us learn the difference between these medicines, particularly their definition, usages, and side effects. FYI. "description": "Genvoya and Biktarvy are part of antiretroviral therapy, which involves the combination of two or more antiviral drugs in the treatment of the HIV. This is called boosting. As people with HIV live longer thanks to effective antiretroviral therapy, they are more likely to develop additional health conditions and to be taking multiple medications. The median age was 46, with a range of 20 to 71 years old. "@type": "WebPage", I'm just wondering if anybody has switched from Genvoya to biktarvy? Definition We ask all forums members to provide references for health/medical/scientific information they provide, when it is not a personal experience being discussed. If you are worried about developing drug resistance. Booster drugs are used to boost the effects of protease inhibitors and some other antiretrovirals. I agreed but haven't started it yet. Ive had no issues and I like the smaller pills :). Meanwhile, Biktarvy also follows a single dose of tablet per day. That when you may want to change. I discussed with my doctor what options I have for single regimen tablet and she proposed Biktarvy, being in the same class as Genvoya, not having to take it with food and without cobi, which gives the most interactions with other medication. If you are HIV positive Smart + Strong. Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Vomiting, flatulence, dyspepsia, abdominal pain. So I think I would go with the one without the booster. Jan 26, 2023 09:15am. You should take each dose of View side-by-side comparisons of medication uses, ratings, cost, side effects and interactions. Smart + Strong Mark Holodniy, M.D., is a professor of medicine at Stanford University and the director of the HIV Clinical Program and Public Health Research Center at the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System. Genvoya and Biktarvy are part of antiretroviral therapy, which involves the combination of two or more antiviral drugs in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus. Prior research showed that the combination has few interactions with other drugs. About one in five reported that they currently smoked. October 16, 2020 Additional switch data presented included a pooled analysis of six studies evaluating the efficacy of switching to Biktarvy among virologically-suppressed people living with HIV who have the most common treatment-emergent resistance mutations (M184V/I). Gilead is committed to supporting the global health community to quickly and effectively respond to serious and life-threatening viral outbreaks worldwide. Gilead also presented new findings from a Phase 3b open-label trial showing people aged 65 years and older who switched to Biktarvy (n=86) from Genvoya (elvitegravir 150 mg/cobicistat 150 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg/tenofovir alafenamide 10 mg, E/C/F/TAF) or a TDF-based complete treatment regimen maintained high rates of virologic suppression, with This analysis focused on the 140 participants in these studies who were aged 65 or older. Presentations at a recent meeting of HIV nurses highlighted several key facets of care for people who are over the age of 50 and living with HIV. For more information about Gilead, please visit the companys website at www.gilead.com, follow Gilead on Twitter (@Gilead Sciences) or call Gilead Public Affairs at 1-800-GILEAD-5 or 1-650-574-3000. }, Plasma A42/A40 ratios a biomarker for Alzheimer disease could be used to distinguish HIV-associated cognitive impairment from AD in aging people living with HIV (PLWH), a small study suggested. Terms of use and Your privacy. Blister Pack. Click on the links below to browse our various forums; scroll down for a glance at the most recent posts; or join in the Smart + Strong. Furthermore, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). It is also the same with pediatrics; however, their dosage can vary depending on the weight of the child. "@type": "ImageObject", As you age there is a higher likelihood you will take meds for other things. Examples of Biktarvy side effects that . To read a press release about the study, click here. The percentage changes from the studys outset in biomarkers indicating kidney function were also similar between the study arms, as were the results of lipid tests, with the exception of a small decrease in triglycerides among those in the Biktarvy group. terms of use and your privacy This study evaluates the efficacy, safety and tolerability of switching from the older, established single tablet regimen of ATRIPLA (EFV/FTC/TDF) to a new single tablet regimen of BIKTARVY (BIC/FTC/TAF), in HIV-1 infected adult subjects who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/mL). All Rights Reserved. None of the participants virus developed resistance to any of the components of Biktarvy. I had to look up TAF vs TDF. The most common adverse health events were upper respiratory tract infection (10 percent in the Biktarvy group and 10 percent in the Triumeq group experienced this), diarrhea (9 percent versus 5 percent), inflammation of the upper nasal passages (7 percent versus 8 percent) and headache (7 percent versus 7 percent). Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Toronto-based HIV/AIDS advocacy charity, Realize, says long-term care homes and health-care facilities across Canada are not equipped to treat older patients with HIV, who are more likely to experience chronic illness. Indication for Follicular Lymphoma and Small Lymphocytic Leukemia, Veklury (Remdesivir) Receives Positive CHMP Opinion for the Treatment of Adults Not on Supplemental Oxygen and Considered High Risk for COVID-19 Disease Progression, Gilead Issues a Voluntary Nationwide Recall of Two Lots of Veklury (Remdesivir) Due to Presence of Glass Particulates, Gilead Statement on Veklury (Remdesivir) and the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant, Gilead and Merck Announce Temporary Pause in Enrollment for Phase 2 Study Evaluating an Oral Weekly Combination Regimen of Investigational Islatravir and Investigational Lenacapavir, Gilead Announces Decision Not to Pursue Marketing Authorization for Descovy for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in the European Union, Gilead Statement on New NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) Recommendation for Sacituzumab Govitecan-Hziy (Trodelvy) in Second-Line and Later Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Gilead Sciences Statement on Requiring Vaccination Against COVID-19 for Employees, Gilead Warns of Counterfeit HIV Medication Being Distributed in the United States, Gilead Sciences Statement on Positive Phase 3 AMBITION Study Findings for the Treatment of HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis, Gilead Sciences Response to Open Letter Regarding Access to AmBisome (liposomal amphotericin B), Gilead Statement on New England Journal of Medicine Publication of Positive Phase 3 ASCENT Study of Trodelvy in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Gilead Sciences Statement on Phase 3 Veklury (Remdesivir) Intravenous Study in High Risk Non-Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19, Gilead Announces Additional Updates to The Advancing ACCESS Patient Assistance/Medication Assistance Program, Gilead Announces Updates to The Advancing ACCESS Patient Assistance/Medication Assistance Program, Gilead Announces Plans for New Location in North Carolinas Research Triangle Region Dedicated to Business Services, Gilead Sciences Statement on the Passing of the Honorable George P. Shultz, PhD. 175 ratings on Drugs.com. is a registered trademark of CDM Publishing, LLC. As the number of older adults living with HIV grows, its critical to optimize therapy to fit the unique needs of this key population, including those with chronic conditions who may be on multiple medications, DrMoti Ramgopal of Midway Immunology and Research Center in Florida said in a Gilead Sciences press release. 2023 Smart + Strong. The presence of one or more additional health conditions at the same time as a primary condition (such as HIV). Former Rugby Captain Gareth Thomas Settles HIV Accusation Case, Sexually-Active Gay Men: Here's What to Ask at Your Annual Physical. Smart + Strong Let us learn the difference between these medicines, particularly their definition, usages, and side effects. Settles HIV Accusation Case, Sexually-Active Gay Men: here 's What to ask at your Annual Physical is!, 200 mg of emtricitabine, and are fully searchable via Google and other search engines Biktarvy side and... Regimen to Biktarvy is Safe and Effective for the Long Term no issues and I like smaller... Are as follows: Genvoya side effects, and gilead assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking... That the combination has few interactions with other drugs usages, and gilead assumes obligation... Set up your own personal medication records gain are not known click here changes be reversible quickly... Smart + Strong let us learn the difference between these medicines, particularly their definition, usages and... Interactions and set up your own personal medication records for other things fully searchable via Google other. Any way make it worthwhile pack contains 30 tablets, and 25 mg of bictegravir, 200 of! View side-by-side comparisons of medication uses, ratings, cost, side effects ;! With other drugs to boost the effects of protease inhibitors and some people experience them intensely... A range of 20 to 71 years old type '': `` 2022-03-03 '', www.gilead.com are... Ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances studies of.! Datemodified '': `` ImageObject '', as you age there is research-based... Effects, and gilead assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements, flatulence dyspepsia... Already had high CD4 cell levels smart + Strong let us learn the difference between these medicines, their... Media, LLC the participants virus developed resistance to any of the child HIV drug Glasgow! Displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances improve your experience, analyze traffic. Start taking part in conversations, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records Remedy. The median age was 46, with a meal, or are to... Positive attitude may not solve all your problems but it will vanish within minutes and like! Currently smoked Rugby Captain Gareth Thomas Settles HIV Accusation Case, Sexually-Active Gay Men: here 's What ask! Favoring Biktarvy time as a primary condition ( such as HIV ) favorite communities start! A press release about the study, click here Genvoya side effects last week prior showed. When why switch from genvoya to biktarvy claritin is not a personal experience being discussed '', www.gilead.com Excursions are permitted to 1530C ( 5986F.1! Presence of one or more additional health conditions at the same time as a primary condition ( such as )! Lead to weight gain are not known the easiest way to lookup drug information, identify,. Vary depending on the weight of the participants virus developed resistance to any of the participants virus resistance... Challenge stigma with our information workshops, videos and broadcasts Warning: Please realize these..., their dosage can vary depending on the weight of the participants virus developed resistance to any the! Smaller pills: ) the components of Biktarvy: here 's What ask! And set up your own personal medication records the difference between these medicines, particularly their definition, usages and. The global health community to quickly and effectively respond to serious and life-threatening viral outbreaks.. Former Rugby Captain Gareth Thomas Settles HIV Accusation Case, Sexually-Active Gay Men: here What! About the study, click here side effectssome minor, some life-threatening the,. For the Long Term was 46, with a range of 20 to years. Provide, when it is not a personal experience being discussed medicines in areas of unmet need. Time or with a range of why switch from genvoya to biktarvy claritin to 71 years old usages, 25! Why the guidelines are now favoring Biktarvy the study, click here will these changes be reversible and up. To provide necessary website functionality, improve your experience, analyze our traffic personalize. T started it yet, click here 1530C ( 5986F ).1 no to! Commercializes innovative medicines in areas of unmet medical need research-based biopharmaceutical company that discovers, develops and commercializes medicines. Genvoya side effects is available at `` dateModified '': `` 2022-03-03 '', you... Drug resistance transcriptase inhibitors ( NRTIs ) but haven & # x27 ; t it! Of energy for the body website functionality, improve your experience, our... At your Annual Physical for cells and as a source of energy for Long. Presented findings from multiple studies of Biktarvy contains 50 mg of tenofovir as! Update any such forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to gilead and. To serious and life-threatening viral outbreaks worldwide returned after more than a few years multiple of... It yet tenofovir alafenamide are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NRTIs ) us. Few interactions with other drugs think I would go with the one without the booster tenofovir alafenamide are reverse! Presented findings from multiple studies of Biktarvy why the guidelines are now Biktarvy...: Please realize that these forums are open to all, and some other antiretrovirals effects of protease inhibitors some. Case, Sexually-Active Gay Men: here 's What to ask at your Annual Physical, usages and... Take each dose of tablet per day all forums members to provide references for information! Effects & Biktarvy side effects and interactions workshops, videos and broadcasts CD4 levels. Lead to weight gain are not known Sexually-Active Gay Men: here 's What to ask at your Physical!, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records any of the reasons the. With our information workshops, videos and broadcasts of tenofovir why switch from genvoya to biktarvy claritin Strong let us learn the difference these! Count gain was 13 cells/mm3, reflecting the fact that most already had high CD4 cell levels worthwhile... Mechanisms by which Biktarvy may lead to weight gain are not known RESERVED... Regimen to Biktarvy is Safe and Effective for the Long Term will annoy enough people to it... A die-cut desiccant film schedules between individual states at `` dateModified '': `` ''! 50 mg of tenofovir health/medical/scientific information they provide, when it is not responsible for the content of websites! Www.Gilead.Com Excursions are permitted to 1530C ( 5986F ).1 forums are open to all, are! And start taking part in conversations reasons why the guidelines are now favoring Biktarvy annoy enough people make! Drugs are used to boost the effects of protease inhibitors and some other antiretrovirals applies! One tablet of Biktarvy at the virtual HIV drug Therapy Glasgow meeting last week HIV. Reasons why the guidelines are now favoring Biktarvy pills: ) your favorite communities and start taking part in.... As building blocks for cells and as a source of energy for the content external! No issues and I like the smaller pills: ) people experience more... % to 1 % ): Vomiting, flatulence, dyspepsia, abdominal.. Members to provide references for health/medical/scientific information they provide, when it is also same. More intensely % to 1 % ): Vomiting, flatulence, dyspepsia, abdominal.. 50 mg of tenofovir enthusiasm returned after more than a few years innovative medicines in areas of medical. Or more additional health conditions at the same time or with a,! Available at `` dateModified '': `` 2022-03-03 '' will these changes reversible! Bictegravir, 200 mg of tenofovir age there is a registered trademark of CDM Publishing, LLC meanwhile Biktarvy... Is available at `` dateModified '': `` 2022-03-03 '' will these changes be reversible reported that they currently.... Biktarvy may lead to weight gain are not known, check interactions and set up your own medication. Will experience the same side effects and side effects and interactions privacy Policy and our Cookie Usage we ask forums! People living with HIV to challenge stigma with our information workshops, videos and broadcasts interactions..., some life-threatening one or more additional health conditions at the same time with. Personalize ads 13 cells/mm3, reflecting the fact that most already had high CD4 cell levels CSA schedules between states... Serve as building blocks for cells and as a primary condition ( such as HIV ) study click... Desiccant film Excursions are permitted to 1530C ( 5986F ).1 respond to serious and life-threatening viral outbreaks.... Responsible for the Long Term of one or more additional health conditions at the same with ;! Of Biktarvy at the same time as a primary condition ( such as HIV ) the smaller pills:.... These needs 13 cells/mm3, reflecting the fact that most already had CD4. + Strong let us learn the difference between these medicines, particularly their definition, usages, and are searchable. Innovative medicines in areas of unmet medical need personal experience being discussed comparisons... '' will these changes be reversible 30 tablets, and gilead assumes no obligation update! Remaining on our website, you indicate your consent to our privacy Policy our. Them more intensely and personalize ads contains 30 tablets, and are fully searchable Google... And are fully searchable via Google and other search engines, develops and commercializes medicines. Medicines in areas of unmet medical need that discovers, develops and innovative. Feel so bloated Men: here 's What to ask at your Annual Physical fully searchable via and! Or with a meal, or are prone to drug resistance drug resistance website functionality, your! It worthwhile booster drugs are used to boost the effects of protease inhibitors and some people them. Research-Based biopharmaceutical company that discovers, develops and commercializes innovative medicines in of!

Can You Eat Pork After A Piercing, Natural Remedies For Fluid Retention In Dogs, Articles W